Modified epithelial cell distribution in chronic airways inflammation

Although airway epithelium is known to be modified during chronic respiratory diseases, epithelial cells have rarely been precisely quantified. We therefore intended to evaluate epithelial cell distribution in inflammatory airways, using a cytological approach. Nasal airway cells in 12 patients with nonallergic chronic rhinitis were sampled by brushing, quantified after cytocentrifugation and compared to those from eight controls. Cell populations were quantified after May-Grunwald Giemsa staining and alpha-tubulin immunolabelling to demonstrate ciliary differentiation. When compared to controls, rhinitis patients exhibited lower percentages of ciliated cells (59 +/- 4 versus 32 +/- 2%, respectively), and higher percentages of goblet (24 +/- 3 versus 37 +/- 2%) and basal cells (9 +/- 1 versus 18 +/- 2%). After tubulin immunolabelling, positive staining was specifically detected in cells with cilia (LC+), and in the cytoplasm of some small round cells without obvious cilia (LC-). Fewer immunolabelled cells were detected in rhinitis patients than in controls (with significantly lower percentages of LC+ and higher percentages of LC-). Nasal brushing is an effective technique for quantification of airway epithelial cells. Tubulin immunolabelling is useful to detect ciliated cells and distinguishes another cell population, possibly preciliated cells. These cytological findings suggest the presence of modifications of epithelial differentiation and proliferation, possibly related to local chronic inflammation.

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