Flow-dependent effect of formoterol dry-powder inhaled from the Aerolizer

The output and size distribution of aerosols from dry powder inhalers are dependent on the flow rate through the device. Therefore, in an in vivo study, we examined the flow-dependency of the effect of formoterol when delivered from a dry powder inhaler, the Aerolizer, in a flow range relevant to schoolchildren. In a preliminary study comprising 126 asthmatic children aged 3-10 yrs, the relationship between age and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) rate through the Aerolizer was determined. Mean PIF was 104 L.min-1 and all children aged > 5 yrs performed a PIF > 60 L.min-1. Sixteen children aged 8-15 yrs with exercise-induced asthma (EIA) took part in the main trial comparing the protective effect of 12 micrograms formoterol inhaled at 60 and 120 L.min-1. The effect from high and low inspiratory flow was judged from the protective effect against EIA 12 h after drug administration. The decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after exercise was 34% on the placebo day, but only 15% when formoterol was inhaled at the high flow rate. This difference was statistically significant. The decrease in FEV1 was 23% after treatment with formoterol inhaled at the low flow rate, that was not significantly different from placebo or from high-flow formoterol treatment. These clinical findings correspond with the in vitro findings of flow-dependent fine particle mass from the Aerolizer, and corroborate the relationship between fine particle mass of aerosol and clinical effect. The results indicate a flow-dependent effect of formoterol dry powder inhaled from the Aerolizer, within the range of inspiratory flow rate obtainable by school-children. This questions its applicability in children with asthma.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				W. Janssens, P. VandenBrande, E. Hardeman, E. De Langhe, T. Philps, T. Troosters, and M. Decramer Inspiratory flow rates at different levels of resistance in elderly COPD patients Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2008; 31(1): 78 - 83. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. N. Hermansen, K. G. Nielsen, F. Buchvald, J. J. Jespersen, T. Bengtsson, and H. Bisgaard Acute Relief of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction by Inhaled Formoterol in Children With Persistent Asthma Chest, May 1, 2006; 129(5): 1203 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Richter, S. Janicki, R.A. Jorres, and H. Magnussen Acute protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction by formoterol, salmeterol and terbutaline Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2002; 19(5): 865 - 871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. G. NIELSEN and H. BISGAARD Bronchodilation and Bronchoprotection in Asthmatic Preschool Children from Formoterol Administered by Mechanically Actuated Dry-powder Inhaler and Spacer Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 15, 2001; 164(2): 256 - 259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]