Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 468-475
Copyright © ERS Journals Ltd 1997
On the causes of lung hyperinflation during bronchoconstriction
R Pellegrino
and
V Brusasco
Airway obstruction in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often associated with lung hyperinflation. In this review, we examine the mechanisms that may cause functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC) to increase during acute and chronic airway obstruction. Normally, FRC at rest is determined by the static characteristics of the lung and chest wall. When airways narrow, FRC may be also be determined by dynamic factors. There are data suggesting that expiratory flow limitation during tidal breathing represents the starting trigger for FRC to increase, in order to allow breathing at higher flows. Indeed, the increase in FRC during induced bronchoconstriction in asthma is closely associated with the occurrence of flow limitation, i.e. the achievement of maximum flow during tidal breathing. Conversely, the decrease in FRC following bronchodilatation in COPD is closely associated with flow limitation disappearing or occurring at lower lung volumes. In normal young people, RV is determined by the static characteristics of the chest wall. During bronchoconstriction RV may also be determined by dynamic factors; therefore, changes in flow or airway calibre at low lung volumes may modulate RV during bronchoconstriction. During acutely induced bronchoconstriction, RV achieved with an expiration from TLC is less than with an expiration from tidal breathing, and this effect appears to be linked to the bronchodilator effect of the deep inhalation. The reasons for the increase in TLC during airway narrowing are not clear, but the duration of the bronchoconstriction by itself may play a role.
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
P-R. Burgel, J. de Blic, P. Chanez, C. Delacourt, P. Devillier, A. Didier, J-C. Dubus, I. Frachon, G. Garcia, M. Humbert, et al.
Update on the roles of distal airways in asthma
Eur. Respir. Rev.,
June 1, 2009;
18(112):
80 - 95.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. W. Song, W.-J. Koh, K. S. Lee, J. Y. Lee, M. J. Chung, T. S. Kim, and O J. Kwon
High-Resolution CT Findings of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex Pulmonary Disease: Correlation with Pulmonary Function Test Results
Am. J. Roentgenol.,
October 1, 2008;
191(4):
W160 - W166.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. J. T. Sutherland, J. O. Cowan, and D. R. Taylor
Dynamic Hyperinflation with Bronchoconstriction: Differences between Obese and Nonobese Women with Asthma
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.,
May 1, 2008;
177(9):
970 - 975.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. J. Lai-Fook, P. K. Houtz, and Y.-L. Lai
End-expiratory and tidal volumes measured in conscious mice using single projection x-ray images
J Appl Physiol,
February 1, 2008;
104(2):
521 - 533.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Aldington, M. Williams, M. Nowitz, M. Weatherall, A. Pritchard, A. McNaughton, G. Robinson, and R. Beasley
Effects of cannabis on pulmonary structure, function and symptoms
Thorax,
December 1, 2007;
62(12):
1058 - 1063.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. S. Harris, T. Winkler, N. Tgavalekos, G. Musch, M. F. V. Melo, T. Schroeder, Y. Chang, and J. G. Venegas
Regional Pulmonary Perfusion, Inflation, and Ventilation Defects in Bronchoconstricted Patients with Asthma
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.,
August 1, 2006;
174(3):
245 - 253.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Mutti, M. Corradi, M. Goldoni, M. V. Vettori, A. Bernard, and P. Apostoli
Exhaled Metallic Elements and Serum Pneumoproteins in Asymptomatic Smokers and Patients With COPD or Asthma
Chest,
May 1, 2006;
129(5):
1288 - 1297.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Pellegrino, G. Viegi, V. Brusasco, R. O. Crapo, F. Burgos, R. Casaburi, A. Coates, C. P. M. van der Grinten, P. Gustafsson, J. Hankinson, et al.
Interpretative strategies for lung function tests
Eur. Respir. J.,
November 1, 2005;
26(5):
948 - 968.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. C. Sciurba
Physiologic Similarities and Differences Between COPD and Asthma
Chest,
August 1, 2004;
126(2_suppl_1):
117S - 124S.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Cerveri, R. Dore, A. Corsico, M. C. Zoia, R. Pellegrino, V. Brusasco, and E. Pozzi
Assessment of Emphysema in COPD: A Functional and Radiologic Study
Chest,
May 1, 2004;
125(5):
1714 - 1718.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Schweitzer, C. Moreau-Colson, and F. Marchal
Respiratory impedance response to a deep inhalation in asthmatic children with spontaneous airway obstruction
Eur. Respir. J.,
June 1, 2002;
19(6):
1020 - 1025.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Crimi, R. Pellegrino, A. Smeraldi, and V. Brusasco
Exercise-induced bronchodilation in natural and induced asthma: effects on ventilatory response and performance
J Appl Physiol,
June 1, 2002;
92(6):
2353 - 2360.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. VAN MUYLEM, M. PAIVA, and M. ESTENNE
Involvement of Peripheral Airways during Methacholine-induced Bronchoconstriction after Lung Transplantation
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.,
October 1, 2001;
164(7):
1200 - 1203.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Milanese, C. Mondino, M. Tosca, G. W. Canonica, and V. Brusasco
Modulation of airway caliber by deep inhalation in children
J Appl Physiol,
April 1, 2000;
88(4):
1259 - 1264.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. GORINI, I. IANDELLI, G. MISURI, F. BERTOLI, M. FILIPPELLI, M. MANCINI, R. DURANTI, F. GIGLIOTTI, and G. SCANO
Chest Wall Hyperinflation during Acute Bronchoconstriction in Asthma
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.,
September 1, 1999;
160(3):
808 - 816.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. R. McClaran, T. J. Wetter, D. F. Pegelow, and J. A. Dempsey
Role of expiratory flow limitation in determining lung volumes and ventilation during exercise
J Appl Physiol,
April 1, 1999;
86(4):
1357 - 1366.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
Copyright © 1997 by the European Respiratory Society.
|